7.
b) Paraffin wax is a non-polar hydrocarbon with long hydrocarbon chains. Water cannot form strong bonds enough to dissolve it. The chemical bonds between the atoms of silica are so strong that the solvent cannot break and establish new stable interactions. Oleic acid is slightly polar but has a very long hydrocarbon chain that prevents water solubility.
c) The chemical bonds in silica are very strong so the particles cannot be further stabilised by dissolving in any solvent……(PS I hate this answer , will get back to you with a better one……)
d) Ethanol’s solvent properties are often intermediate between water and kerosene. It is a polar solvent, but not as polar as water. It can form hydrogen bonds with some solutes, but not as strongly as water. It’s small hydrocarbon chain allows a little paraffin and oleic acid to dissolve, but the solubility is low. Glycerine, however, is a small chain that has many OH groups that can form hydrogen bonds with ethanol.
8a) less soluble
b) 1.0 g
c) Carbon dioxide dissolves slightly as its electronegative oxygen atoms are attracted to the electropositive hydrogen atoms in water. As the temperature rises, the water molecules mopve more rapidly these intermolecular forces are broken so less carbon dioxide can remain dissolved.
9. It will form hydrogen bonds with water but only dispersion interactions are possible with non-polar kerosene. Therefore, this substance is very soluble in water but insoluble or sparingly soluble in kerosene.
10. The polar COOH group forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The non-polar chain is insoluble in water (as it cannot for significant intermolecular atttractions) so it floats on the surface with the COOH group dissolved in the water.
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